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Monday, August 29, 2011

Macam Penyakit Pada Sistem Ekskresi

Sirosis

Batu Ginjal

Gagal Ginjal


 

 
 

No.
NAMA PENYAKIT
PENYEBAB
CARA PENGOBATAN
1.
Batu Ginjal
(Kencing Batu)
Adanya endapan yang berasal dari garam kalsium, dapat berada di dalam rongga ginjal , saluran ginjal, ataupun kandung kemih sehingga menyebabkan urine sulit keluar dan menimbulkan rasa nyeri.
-          Pembedahan (operasi)

-          Dipecahkan dengan menggunakan laser
2.
Gagal Ginjal
Satu atau kedua ginjal tidak berfungsi.Urea yang tertimbun dalam tubuh akan bersifat racun dan dapat mengakibatkan kematian.
-          Mengambangkan ginjal buatan.
-          Pencangkokkan ginjal baru
3.
Hepatitis
Radang atau pembengkakkan hati yang disebabkan oleh virus, alkohol, narkoba, obat-obatan (termasuk obat yang diresepkan), atau racun.
-          Hepatitis B: Pemberian vaksinasi virus
-          Hepatitis C: Pemberian obat
4.
Sirosis
Infeksi virus hepatitis B ataupun C, juga dapat diakibatkan oleh konsumsi alkohol yang berlebihan, berbagai macam penyakit metabolik, adanya gangguan imunologis, dan sebagainya.
-          Menghilangkan sumber racun (misalnya alcohol)
-          Asupan makanan yang tepat, termasuk vitamin tambahan
-          Pengobatan komplikasi

Friday, August 12, 2011

Report Text "Nature: Ant"

Ants are social insects, which means they live in large colonies or group. Some colonies consist of millions of ants. There are three types of ants in each species, the queen, the sterile female workers, and males. The male ants only serve one purpose, to mate with future queen ants and do not live very long. The queen grows to adulthoot, mates, and then spends the rest og her life laying eggs. A colony may have only one queen, or there may be many queens depending on the species. Ants go trhough four stages of development: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.

Ants have three main parts. The head, the trunk (middle section), and the rear or metasoma. All six legs are attached to the trunk. The head consist of the jaws, eyes, and antennae. The eyes of ants are made up of many lenses enabling them to see movement very well. The antennae are special organs of smell, touch, taste, and hearing. The metasoma contains the stomach and rectum. Many species of ants have poison sacks and/or stingers in the end of the metasoma for defense against their many predators.

Ants do not have lungs. Oxygen enters trhough tiny holes all over the body and Carbon Dioxide leaves through the same holes. There are no bloods vessels. The heart is a long tube that pumps colorless blood from the head back to the rear and then back up to the head again. The blood kind of coats the insides of the ants and is then sucked into the tube and pumped up to the head again. The nervous system of ants consist of a long nerve cord that also runs from head to rear with branches leading to the parts of the body, kind of like a human spinal cord.

If you watch ants for any length of time you will see that they reall do communicate with each other and very effectively too. Ants communicate by touching each other with their antennae. Ants also use chemicals called pheromones to leave scent trails for other ants to follow.